Learn how to use Japanese adjectives to describe things
Now Playing: Lesson Audio
Get a breakdown of the dialogue and translations instantly with the Premium line-by-line Audio. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Get this lesson’s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.
| INTRODUCTION |
| Peter: Stand Out from the Crowd with these Language Learning Tricks and Tips. |
| Naomi: みなさん、Gengo Japanese へようこそ Welcome to Gengo Japanese. |
| Peter: Right. We learned this phrase ようこそ in the previous lesson. You also learned the the usage of the verb to go |
| Naomi: 行きます。 For example, 駅に行きます I'll go to the station. |
| Peter: In this lesson, you'll learn formal and informal speech. |
| Naomi: Right. You'll review the Masu form of a verb and the dictionary form of a verb that were covered in the previous lesson. |
| Peter: And we'll also review how to introduce yourself. This conversation takes place at |
| Naomi: 歓迎会 a welcome party |
| Peter: If you remember the last episode, Ashley's schedule said |
| Naomi: 七時に横浜駅に行く。歓迎会 Go to Yokohama Station at 7:00. Welcome party. |
| Peter: So it looks like they're having a welcome party for Ashley near Yokohama station. |
| The setting of this lesson's conversation is a little complicated. First, Mr. Matsuda introduces Ashely to other employees and he asks Ashley to give a speech in front of everyone. |
| Then in the next part, Ashley is talking with Daisuke Honda. |
| Naomi: Do you remember this guy from Lesson1? |
| Peter: The guy Ashley was talking to on Skype in Lesson 1, right? |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Peter: What about the formality of the conversation? |
| Naomi: It's mixed. |
| Peter: Now before we listen to the dialogue, we strongly recommend that you reference the verb conjugation and adjective conjugation lessons. |
| OK, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 松田部長:皆さん、お疲れさまです。 |
| :こちらは、ニューヨーク支社のアシュリー・ジョーンズさん。 |
| :じゃ、アシュリーさん自己紹介と乾杯をお願いしますね。 |
| アシュリー:え？日本語で？ |
| 松田部長:ええ。もちろん日本語で。 |
| アシュリー:皆さん、こんばんは。はじめまして。 |
| :私の名前はアシュリー・ジョーンズです。アメリカ人です。 |
| :出身はニューヨークのロングアイランドです。 |
| :日本語は...ちょっとわかります。 |
| :でも、まだ上手じゃありません。 |
| 鈴木:上手だよ！ |
| アシュリー:でも、英語はとても上手です。 |
| 鈴木:当然だよ！ |
| アシュリー:皆さん、よろしくお願いします。 |
| （applause) |
| アシュリー:じゃ、乾杯！ |
| 全員:乾杯！ |
| 本田大介:アシュリーさん！久しぶり！元気？ |
| アシュリー:元気じゃない。 |
| :うそうそ。 |
| :本田君は元気？ |
| 本田大介:元気元気。 |
| :あ、アシュリーさん、ビールがないですね。何、飲みます？ |
| アシュリー:お勧めは。 |
| 松田部長:皆さん、お疲れさまです。 |
| Peter: Good work today, everyone! |
| :こちらは、ニューヨーク支社のアシュリー・ジョーンズさん。 |
| Peter: This is Ashley Jones from the New York office. |
| :じゃ、アシュリーさん自己紹介と乾杯をお願いしますね。 |
| Peter: Ashley, could you introduce yourself and make a toast? |
| アシュリー:え？日本語で？ |
| Peter: Huh? In Japanese?? |
| 松田部長:ええ。もちろん日本語で。 |
| Peter: Yes, of course in Japanese! |
| アシュリー:皆さん、こんばんは。はじめまして。 |
| Peter: Good evening, everyone. Nice to meet you. |
| :私の名前はアシュリー・ジョーンズです。アメリカ人です。 |
| Peter: My name is Ashley Jones. I'm American. |
| :出身はニューヨークのロングアイランドです。 |
| Peter: I'm from Long Island in New York. |
| :日本語は...ちょっとわかります。 |
| Peter: I understand...a little Japanese. |
| :でも、まだ上手じゃありません。 |
| Peter: But I'm not good at it yet. |
| 鈴木:上手だよ！ |
| Peter: Yes you are!! |
| アシュリー:でも、英語はとても上手です。 |
| Peter: But I'm very good at English. |
| 鈴木:当然だよ！ |
| Peter: Well, of course you are! |
| アシュリー:皆さん、よろしくお願いします。 |
| Peter: I look forward to working with you all! |
| （applause) |
| Peter(applause) |
| アシュリー:じゃ、乾杯！ |
| Peter: Cheers! |
| 全員:乾杯！ |
| Peter: Cheers! |
| Peter |
| 本田大介:アシュリーさん！久しぶり！元気？ |
| Peter: Ashley-san! Long time no see! How are ya? |
| アシュリー:元気じゃない。 |
| Peter: Not good... |
| :うそうそ。 |
| Peter: Just kidding! How are you Honda-kun? |
| :本田君は元気？ |
| Peter: I'm great! |
| 本田大介:元気元気。 |
| Peter: Oh, you don't have any beer do you. What will you have to drink? |
| :あ、アシュリーさん、ビールがないですね。何、飲みます？ |
| Peter: What do you recommend? |
| アシュリー:お勧めは。 |
| Peter |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Ashely said "Nihon-go wa chotto wakarimasu.""Demo mada jouzu ja arimasen." -" I understand some Japanese. But I'm not good at it yet." I think Ashley's Japanese is higher than "chotto wakarimasu- understand a little " level. |
| Naomi: I think Ashley is just being humble or I should say she's being polite. In Japanese society, when people want to be formal, they often act humble or modest. Do you do that in English too? |
| Peter: (Comment) I think "Nihon-go wa chotto wakarimasu.""Demo mada jouzu ja arimasen." is a really good response for "nihon go jouzu desu ne" |
| Naomi: Right. As we mentioned in Lesson 12, you'll probably hear "日本語上手ですね -Wow, your Japanese is good." all the time in Japan. |
| Peter: Right. And most of the time Japanese people say it to encourage you to speak Japanese and they sometimes don't really mean it. |
| Naomi: How do you usually respond to the "日本語上手ですね-Your Japanese is good" compliment then. |
| Peter: I usually, say..."IIe, mada jouzu ja arimasen.- No, I'm not good at it yet" or drop "jouzujanai" and "Iie madamada desu." |
| Naomi: I liked the way Mr. Suzuki encouraged her after she said 上手じゃありません I'm not good at it yet. |
| Peter: What did he say? |
| Naomi: Mr. Suzuki said 上手だよ！ Yes you are! Of course he's a trying to tell Ashley that her Japanese is good. |
| Peter: Also Ashley said "Demo eigo wa jouzu desu. -But I'm very good at English or I speak fluent English. " |
| Naomi: I think she said it as a joke. Everyone knows that she's a Native English speaker. |
| Peter: And to that comment Mr. Suzuki said "touzen da yo", which is "Of course you are" or "we know that." |
| Naomi: Japanese people are usually quiet listeners. So it's rare to meet the people who are like Mr. Suzuki. But he is doing it for Ashley I think, because she's probably nervous. |
| Peter: So you think Mr. Suzuki is doing it to loosen up the atmosphere. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Naomi 皆さん [natural native speed] |
| Peter everyone |
| Naomi 皆さん [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi 皆さん [natural native speed] |
| Naomi 自己紹介 [natural native speed] |
| Peter self-introduction |
| Naomi 自己紹介 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi 自己紹介 [natural native speed] |
| Naomi 乾杯 [natural native speed] |
| Peter Cheers! |
| Naomi 乾杯 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi 乾杯 [natural native speed] |
| Naomi とても [natural native speed] |
| Peter very |
| Naomi とても [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi とても [natural native speed] |
| Naomi お勧め [natural native speed] |
| Peter recommendation |
| Naomi お勧め [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi お勧め [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Peter: First we'd like to introduce a phrase you must know for work situations. It's- |
| Naomi: お疲れ様です。 |
| Peter: This phrase can be used as "Hello" "thank you" or "good-bye" in the office. What's the meaning? |
| Naomi: Well... 疲れ means "tiredness" "fatigue" so...it's like "You must be exhausted by" or "I appreciate your hard work" ... But the direct translation doesn't really help. So I recommend that you memorize this as a set phrase. |
| Peter: Who do you use this phrase to? |
| Naomi: to someone who is working or has been working for a while. So I wouldn't say お疲れ様です in the morning or to someone who just came back from lunch. |
| Peter: The next phrase is... |
| Naomi: 乾杯! |
| Peter: Cheers! Look at the Kanji this word contains. The first Kanji means "Dry" And the second Kanji means "glass" So literally Kampai means "dry glass" To get a dry glass, you have to empty it, right. So it means "Drink up" or "Bottoms up" |
| Naomi: This is the literal meaning. Of course it doesn't mean that you have to finish your drink. |
| Sometimes people prolong the ぱ sound and say かんぱーい！ |
| Peter: Next we'd like to introduce two words which have the same meaning. |
| Naomi: もちろん and とうぜん |
| Peter: of course. In the dialogue, Mr. Matsuda said |
| Naomi: もちろん、日本語で |
| Peter: Of course, in Japanese. |
| Naomi: Since もちろん and とうぜん have the same meaning, Mr. Matsuda could have said 当然日本語で |
| Peter: The next word we're looking at is... |
| Naomi: 嘘 |
| Peter: Lie We've already learned the word "truth" or "really" in Lesson 12, haven't we. It's- |
| Naomi: 本当 USO and HONTOU are often used as interjections, especially in informal conversations. |
| うそ!？ |
| Peter: That cant' be true. |
| Naomi: 本当？ |
| Peter: Really? When you want to say "Just kidding" You can say "Uso" or "Uso desu" meaning "It's a lie." "I lied." or "Just kidding" Just like Ashely did in the dialogue. |
| Naomi: Right. She said うそうそ after she said the joke. |
| Peter: OK? Next we have a very useful phrase. |
| Naomi: おすすめは |
| Peter: Literally, "Recommendation?" or "Any recommendations?" Of course "What" is inferred. So it means "What's your recommendation, what do you recommend? " |
| Naomi: Right. The original sentence would be おすすめは何ですか |
| Peter: What's your recommendation. Let's break this down. |
| Naomi&Peter: おすすめ recommendation は is a particle, as for. 何 what です copula"is" か question. |
| Naomi: Where do you use this phrase? |
| Peter: I use this phrase at (Restaurants or bars). |
| Naomi: Sometimes, you'll see 今日のおすすめ on the menu. |
| Peter: Today's recommendation. chef's picks. OK. Let's quickly review how Ashley introduced herself in the speech. She said. |
| Naomi: 皆さん、こんばんは。はじめまして。 |
| Peter: Everyone. Good evening. Nice to meet you. |
| Naomi: 私の名前はアシュリー・ジョーンズです。 |
| Peter: My name is Ashley Jones. |
| Naomi: アメリカ人です |
| Peter: I'm American. How to say one's nationality is covered in lesson7 |
| Naomi: 出身はニューヨークのロングアイランドです。 |
| Peter: My hometown is Long island, NY. This sentence structure is covered in Lesson 3. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| ********(7 47 -7 57 収録済み)***************** |
| Peter: In this lesson you'll learn basic sentence structure using nouns and adjectives. |
| Naomi: You'll also learn more about Formal and Informal Speech |
| ********（このラインを挿入)************** |
| Peter: First of all, let's explain the differences between formal and informal speech. |
| ******(1059 -1243 既に録音済み)****** |
| Peter: As we explained in lesson 1, there are basically 3 levels of formality, in Japanese. |
| Naomi: Informal, Formal and honorific. |
| Peter: Informal is used among friends in casual situations. |
| Formal is used when you talk to strangers, co-workers, or people who have higher social status than you. Usually, formal speech is good enough. |
| However, there are times you want to be even more formal. For example when you're talking to a very important client or a person who you're supposed to be very respectful to. In that case you have to use honorific Japanese. |
| My image of informal speech is language in shorts and a t-shirt. It's laid back and relaxed. But you probably don't want to go to the office or do an important presentation wearing that, right? |
| Formal speech is like language in nice clean button-down collared shirt with nice clean slacks. |
| And honorific speech is language in a nice tux. |
| ******Sentence structure（取り直し）****** |
| Peter: OK. Next, let's learn the the basic sentence structure using nouns. |
| OK. Naomi-sensei. First, what's a noun? |
| Naomi: A noun is a person, place, or thing. Like コーヒー（coffee）,お茶 （tea）,日本（Japan）, 学生（student）. |
| Peter: OK. How do you say... "Ashley is a student" using formal speech. |
| Naomi: アシュリーは学生です。 |
| Peter: As for Ashley, a student is. Ashley is a student. Now how do you say the exact same sentence using informal speech? |
| Naomi: アシュリーは学生だ。 |
| Peter: Ashley is American. Notice how the formal copula DESU becomes DA using informal speech. As we learned in lesson 5, DA is a copula used in informal situations, while DESU is used in formal situations. So the the meaning is exactly the same - only the politeness level is different. |
| Naomi: Next, let's learn how to create negative sentences. |
| Peter: How about an informal negative sentence? "Ashley isn't a student." |
| Naomi: アシュリーは学生じゃない。 |
| Peter: DA becomes JANAI in negative speech. How about "Ashley isn't a student." using formal speech? |
| Naomi: アシュリーは学生じゃないです。 |
| Peter: JANAI plus DESU. You simply add DESU after JANAI the negative form of DA to make it formal. Can you say those sentences again? "Ashley is a student." using informal speech. |
| Naomi: アシュリーは学生だ |
| Peter: Informal copula DA. How about "Ashley is a student." using formal speech? |
| Naomi: OK. You change DA to DESU. アシュリーは学生です。 |
| Peter: On to the negative sentences. "Ashley isn't a student." using informal speech. |
| Naomi: アシュリーは学生じゃない。 |
| Peter: How about "Ashely isn't a student." using formal speech? |
| Naomi: Simply add です to it. アシュリーは学生じゃないです。 |
| Peter: Now you can also say アシュリーは学生じゃありません for "Ashely is not a student" There's a detailed write-up in the lesson notes, so be sure to check out. |
| ************adjective（取り直し） ********************** |
| Peter: Now let's look at sentences that contain adjectives. |
| Naomi: Adjectives are words that describe things. |
| Peter: For example "delicious". If we say "a delicious cookie", the word delicious is describing the cookie. Delicious is an adjective and cookie is a noun. |
| Naomi: There are two types of adjectives in Japanese. |
| Peter: Right, adjectives that end in "i" and adjectives that end in "na". From now on we'll refer to them as i-adjectives and na-adjectives. How you distinguish the two is all explained in Conjugation lesson 2 about Adjectives, so be sure to check out that conjugation lesson. |
| Naomi: In this lesson, we'll cover only na-adjectives. |
| Peter: Can we have a na-adjective ? |
| Naomi: 元気 |
| Peter: healthy, full of energy |
| Now for na-adjective sentences, the sentence structure is the same as the noun sentences. So... the sentence "Ashley is full of energy" using informal speech is.... |
| Naomi: アシュリーは元気だ。 |
| Peter: How about "Ashley is full of energy" using formal speech? |
| Naomi: アシュリーは元気です |
| Peter: DA becomes DESU for formal speech. The negative sentence "Ashely is not full of energy" using informal speech is? |
| Naomi: アシュリーは元気じゃない |
| Peter: How about using formal speech? |
| Naomi: アシュリーは元気じゃないです。 |
| **********収録済み （１４０８～）************ |
| Peter: In the last lesson, we briefly introduced the concept of the dictionary form (informal) and the masu form (formal) of verbs, using iku/ikimasu ("to go") as an example. The conjugation from the masu form to the dictionary form is covered in Conjugation lesson 5. So please make sure to reference it. |
| Naomi: Now, there are 3 types of verbs in Japanese. Class one, class 2 and class 3 |
| The verbs which have -i sound right before masu are called class 1. |
| Peter: To change those verbs into the dictionary form, Drop the -masu ending. And get the form called masu-stem. Change the final "i sound" to corresponding "u sound" |
| For example, |
| Naomi: あります to exist |
| Peter: Drop masu to get masu stem |
| Naomi: あり |
| Peter: Change the final -i sound to the corresponding -u sound.The -i sound is |
| Naomi: り |
| Peter: the corresponding -u sound is |
| Naomi: る |
| Peter: So replace RI with RU and get |
| Naomi: ある |
| Peter: ARU is the dictionary form of ARIMASU. Let's do with other verb. How do you say "to drink" |
| Naomi: 飲みます to drik |
| Peter: Drop masu and get the masu form |
| Naomi: のみ |
| Peter: Change the i sound MI to u sound MU and get |
| Naomi: のむ |
| Peter: So "To drink" dictionary form is |
| Naomi: のむ |
| Peter: And the masu form is |
| Naomi: 飲みます |
| Peter: The last example, masu form of to go is |
| Naomi: 行きます |
| Peter: masu stem is |
| Naomi: 行き |
| Peter: replace the i sound with the corresponding u sound |
| Naomi: 行く |
| Peter: So "To go " dictionary form is |
| Naomi: 行く |
| Peter: And the masu form is |
| Naomi: いきます |
| Peter: Let's recap this lesson with a quiz. The quiz will be multiple choice. We'll give a question and three possible answers. Your job is to guess the answer.OK. The first question. |
| Which of the following phrases can be used as "Hello""thank you" or "good-by" at the office. |
| Naomi: A)お疲れ様です B)ひさしぶり C)ちょっと |
| Peter: The answer is |
| Naomi: A)お疲れ様です. |
| Peter: Hisashiburi is "It's been a long time" chotto means "a little". OK, next question. |
| Peter: How do you say "Cheers!" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: A)もちろん B)乾杯 C)とうぜん |
| Peter: The answer is |
| Naomi: B)乾杯 |
| Peter: Both もちろん(mochiron) and とうぜん(touzen) mean "of course." |
Outro |
| Peter: This concludes this lesson. In the next lesson, Ashely is going to meet a new person. And you'll learn how to say you like something. |
| Naomi: じゃまた。 |
Get complete breakdowns, review with quizzes and download printable practice sheets! Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Comments
Hide